水库大坝的震害调查评估方法研究.     

许亮华  郭永刚  苏克忠  许光 《震灾防御技术》2012,7(1):70-76

水库大坝震害具有与其它建筑物震害不同的类型和特性,目前对水库大坝的震害评估尚无统一标准.本文通过研究分析建国以来19次大地震对水库大坝造成的震害调查资料,并结合笔者以往的震害调查经验,总结了水库大坝的震害调查方法,制定出了水库大坝震害评估等级表.利用该表可以比较准确和客观地评估出水库大坝的震害水平,为采取相应的应急预案和评估灾害损失提供依据.  相似文献   

基于复杂网络的官厅水库流域土地利用/覆被变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

武鹏飞  宫辉力  周德民 《地理学报》2012,67(1):113-121

以北京西北部的官厅水库流域为研究区,以1978-2009 年之间的6 期Landsat 系列遥感影像为基础数据解译土地利用图。将土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC) 过程中的转移矩阵作为一种网络进行分析,土地利用类型是网络中的节点,不同地类之间的相互转化是网络的连线(边)。应用度、介数、网络平均最短路径等复杂网络方法,从土地利用系统整体的角度识别LUCC过程中的关键变化地类,评价土地利用系统的稳定性,分析生态环境变迁。研究结果表明：① 在近30 年的时间尺度上,旱地、天然草地和人工水域始终是转移矩阵中3 种关键变化地类,LUCC主要围绕这3 种地类进行;② 5 期转移矩阵网络的平均最短路径值均小于1.5,土地利用系统的活动性强、稳定性差,但五期网络的平均最短路径值总体上呈现增大趋势,土地利用系统向稳定方向发展;③ 近30 年来,自然生态系统不断被人工生态系统取代,自然生态系统中的天然草地面积减少了62.1%,未利用地的面积减少了65.1%。  相似文献   

Overpressure preventing quartz cementation? - A reply     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Chemical compaction and the relative importance of the pressure dissolution and illite-mica induced dissolution (IMID) models have remained a contentious issue, as is the role played by stress in chemical compaction. This paper offers further support and evidence as discussed in Stricker et al. (2016b), focusing on the reservoir quality of the Triassic Skagerrak Formation sandstones in the high pressure high temperature (HPHT) Central Graben, North Sea. The reply discusses alterative reservoir quality interpretations and comments as raised by Maast (2016). A series of theoretical and experimental studies, as well as field based evidence is presented providing strong support to the important role of stress (e.g. vertical effective stress) during chemical compaction. The evidence leads to the conclusion that the process of chemical compaction is stress and temperature driven and significantly enhanced by clay minerals, playing a catalytic role by increasing the width of diffusion pathway or by modifying the kinetics of the dissolution process.  相似文献   

Formation mechanism of volcanic reservoirs within a volcanostratigraphic framework: The case of the Wangfu fault depression in the Songliao Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

We discuss the reservoir formation mechanisms in volcanic gas reservoirs within a volcanostratigraphic framework, with a focus on the Huoshiling Formation of the Wangfu fault depression in the Songliao Basin, China. The volcanic sequences are divided, from large to small, into the volcanic cycle (VC), cooling unit set (CUS) and cooling unit (CU). The CU is the basic volcanogenic stratigraphic unit and the CUS is a superposition of cooling units which may be recognized on seismic profiles.The Huoshiling Formation consists of two volcanic cycles and one volcanic-sedimentary cycle. The formation mechanisms of volcanic reservoirs include three processes based on the strata's evolution. First, CUs formed and primary pore spaces developed near cooling surfaces. Second, CUSs and VCs formed and parasyngenetic and secondary pore spaces developed around the crater or caldera, especially near the weathering surface. Lastly, numerous dissolved pores and structural fractures formed during burial and concentrated near the fault belt. CUs, volcanic edifices and structural systems controlled the formation of volcanic reservoirs. The overlapping crater-proximal crater region and the faulted area were centres of reservoir formation. In the Huoshiling Formation, CUS 6-CUS 8 and CUS 13 are the major horizons where volcanic reservoirs developed, forming dissolution reservoirs and structurally fractured reservoirs for natural gas accumulation.  相似文献   

Quantitative interpretations and assessments of a fractured gas hydrate reservoir using three-dimensional seismic and LWD data in Kutei basin,East Kalimantan,offshore Indonesia     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

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Reservoir characterization and multiscale heterogeneity modeling of inclined heterolithic strata for bitumen-production forecasting,McMurray Formation,Corner, Alberta,Canada     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Bitumen reservoirs dominated by inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) formed in large point bars of the Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) McMurray Formation in the northwestern part of the Corner oil sand lease (Alberta, Canada) were investigated to establish their value. Hybrid production technologies were applied to thin pay, typified by homogeneous reservoir sand units thicker than 5 m at the base overlain by IHS (so-called ‘thin pay’), as well as IHS-dominated reservoirs in which the IHS extends down to the base of the reservoir. High-resolution seismic data and well data (core, dipmeter, HMI) were used to map four facies associations, comprising a total of 16 sedimentary facies, as well as various fluid contacts to assist in reservoir characterization and risk assessment. The conceptual depositional model was based on the analysis of the migration and re-orientation history of the IHS-dominated point bars reflecting lateral accretion, downstream migration, rotation and relocation of the bars. Multiple reactivation events, which control the heterolithic nature and reservoir quality of the deposits, create developable “pools”.Seven electrofacies (with generally increasing mud content) were defined and used as input to construct vertical proportion curves that relate the electrofacies distribution to geomodel statistics in the main reservoir zone. At the electrofacies scale, numerical effective porosity-permeability models were created using micromodeling and minimodeling concepts. The geometrical shape of the electrofacies in the geomodel was investigated using non-stationary Truncated Gaussian (TG) facies simulation to enforce the stacking patterns. Each geomodel area was characterized using one variogram to efficiently compute the horizontal and vertical variogram ranges and average azimuths. Sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) was used to map the distribution of key petrophysical parameters such as effective porosity, effective water saturation and V_shale. Empirically derived saturation versus elevation profiles for each electrofacies were included in the modeling. The distributions from the micro- and mini-modeling were introduced using probability field (P-field) simulation. To investigate the amount of connected resources (the degree of connectivity of good sand as well as IHS) were extractable flow simulation studies were performed at the pad scale. In preparation for reservoir simulation, connectivity calculations within the local pool geomodel realizations were tailored for the reservoir heterogeneities (i.e., IHS) that are expected to have a major impact on the specific thermal and gravity drainage extraction processes. The geomodel realizations were ranked by expected pseudo-dynamic behaviour with connected exploitable pay as a critical parameter.  相似文献   

Depositional and diagenetic controls on deeply-buried Eocene sublacustrine fan reservoirs in the Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

This paper investigates the reservoir potential of deeply-buried Eocene sublacustrine fan sandstones in the Bohai Bay Basin, China by evaluating the link between depositional lithofacies that controlled primary sediment compositions, and diagenetic processes that involved dissolution, precipitation and transformation of minerals. This petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical study recognizes a complex diagenetic history which reflects both the depositional and burial history of the sandstones. Eogenetic alterations of the sandstones include: 1) mechanical compaction; and 2) partial to extensive non-ferroan carbonate and gypsum cementation. Typical mesogenetic alterations include: (1) dissolution of feldspar, non-ferroan carbonate cements, gypsum and anhydrite; (2) precipitation of quartz, kaolinite and ferroan carbonate cements; (3) transformation of smectite and kaolinite to illite and conversion of gypsum to anhydrite. This study demonstrates that: 1) depositional lithofacies critically influenced diagenesis, which resulted in good reservoir quality of the better-sorted, middle-fan, but poor reservoir quality in the inner- and outer-fan lithofacies; 2) formation of secondary porosity was spatially associated with other mineral reactions that caused precipitation of cements within sandstone reservoirs and did not greatly enhance reservoir quality; and 3) oil emplacement during early mesodiagenesis (temperatures > 70 °C) protected reservoirs from cementation and compaction.  相似文献   

基于岩性相单元的低孔低渗碎屑岩储层质量精细评价——以珠江口盆地HZ25-7构造古近系文昌组为例     

杨玉卿  崔维平  冯进  张伟 《海相油气地质》2017,22(3)

针对深层系储层勘探评价中遇到的岩性复杂、物性变化大的难题,以珠江口盆地HZ25-7构造古近系文昌组低孔低渗储层为例,利用电成像测井纵向分层的高分辨率优势,在宏观岩性识别和沉积层理构造解释的基础上,以微尺度的岩性相为单元,共划分出14种岩性相类型,分析了目的层段2种河道单元内部的岩性相组合序列,揭示了储层纵向上的非均质性特征。根据岩心物性分析并刻度常规测井和电成像测井,对各类岩性相单元开展物性评价。结果表明,在相同的成岩作用背景下,粒度和沉积层理构造对物性有明显控制作用:随着粒度由粗变细,层理构造由槽状交错层理、板状交错层理到块状层理,储层物性逐渐变差。在文昌组寻找优质储层,应以河道单元中上部岩性较粗且交错层理发育的高能沉积岩性相单元为主要目标。  相似文献   

中国南方地区奥陶系热液-岩溶改造型白云岩储层发育机理——以黔中地区下奥陶统为例     

刘子豪  朱东亚  吴胜和  张殿伟  张荣强  周末 《海相油气地质》2017,22(2)

以黔中地区下奥陶统为例,通过野外剖面观测、实验分析等工作,揭示了白云岩的热液-岩溶改造特征,并探讨了其发育机理。研究区下奥陶统红花园组和桐梓组以白云岩为主,在白云岩构造裂缝和溶蚀孔洞中见白云石、方解石、沥青的充填,具有典型的斑马纹状构造。充填白云石为粗晶粒状的鞍形白云石,具有弯曲晶面和波状消光的特征,阴极发光呈现较强的红色。充填白云石的碳同位素δ~(13)C在-2.2‰~-0.8‰之间,平均值为-1.47‰,氧同位素δ~(18)O在-12.2‰~-7.6‰之间,平均值为-9.4‰,与围岩白云石相比明显偏轻。充填白云石的稀土元素具有典型的Eu正异常特征,δEu最高达91.9。根据地质演化背景和流体作用类型,奥陶系白云岩储层发育过程为:早奥陶世沉积过程中发生同生/准同生白云石化作用;中晚奥陶世至早志留世,受都匀运动影响,白云岩暴露至地表遭受岩溶作用,形成岩溶孔洞型白云岩储层;中泥盆世遭受构造热液进一步对白云岩进行的溶蚀改造,所形成的溶蚀孔洞为天然气的主要储集空间。  相似文献   

四川盆地资阳地区龙王庙组优质储层识别与分布预测     

李素华 《海相油气地质》2017,22(1)

四川盆地资阳地区龙王庙组局限台地台内滩沉积厚度薄,且在工区西北部剥蚀尖灭,有效识别资阳地区龙王庙组优质储层分布是油气取得突破的关键。基于ZY1井及三维地震资料,在储层精细标定及层位解释基础上,首先利用地震相及振幅属性刻画有利的沉积相带,再结合分频属性及波阻抗反演确定有利储层的边界及厚度,最终利用古地貌及裂缝预测确定优质白云岩储层的空间分布规律。综合预测结果表明,资阳地区龙王庙组储层纵向上主要分布在中上部,横向上主要发育两个呈北东向条带状展布的滩体。工区西北部位于二叠系沉积前的古地貌高部位,且暴露剥蚀区更易形成有利的溶蚀孔隙型白云岩储层,是有利的油气聚集区带。  相似文献